Abstract:In order to study how groundwater seepage affects the repair and reinforcement project of the Thousand Armed Guan Yin at Bao ding Mountain,Dazu stone carvings,field survey,drilling and boring water pressure test were performed to analyze the permeability properties of the rock mass and the groundwater seepage mechanism.Results indicate that the rock mass behind the Thousand Armed Guan Yin is intact with no structural fissures allowing water seepage.Ground water has little effect on the rock mass of the Thousand Armed Guan Yin.

Abstract:In order to protect stone relics effectively,an organofluorine and organosilicon modified acrylate coating material was synthesized and cross linked by HDI trimer.The water absorption,adhesion,corrosion resistance and aging-resistance properties of this coating material were tested.FTIR and SEM tests were also used to characterize the coating.The results show that the organicfluorine and organosilicon modified acrylate coating provides better adhesion and weather ability,meanwhile the film is colorless,transparent and has tiny pores.This material meets the requirements for protection of stone relics.

Abstract:Thermal Activation Characteristic (TAC) tests were performed on sixty porcelain samples from six sites of the Cixi Shanglin Lake area,including Goujingshan,Dilingtou,Kaidaoshan,Wapianya,Dalukou and Silongkou,all dated to the Tang Dynasty,Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasty.The result shows that the TL sensitivity of Yue Kiln porcelains is outstandingly high and their TAC and activation temperature remain consistent.The highest thermal activation temperature is 700℃；the lowest is 640℃ and the average value is 658℃. When measuring the paleo dose and age of Yue Kiln porcelains from the Cixi Shanglin Lake Area using the Pre dose Technique,accurate and reliable dating information can be obtained by adopting the correct activation temperature.

Abstract:The metal particles and mineral phases discovered in copper slag from the Shang Dynasty Yuanqu City site give crucial information for the copper melting and casting history of early China.Optical microscope,SEM and SEMEDS were used to analyze the major components of the slag and samples in the furnace.The distribution and forms of copper,tin,lead and arsenic were elucidated.Crystalline tinoxide (SnO₂),covelline and other copper sulfidic minerals,cuprite,malachite,small (micrometer-sized) copper or copper alloy droplets,and particles of Co or Ni oxides were found in the slag.Cu,Pb and As exist mainly in the form of small droplets in copper alloys of the slag；Sn is mainly in the form of cubic columnar or acicular tin oxides crystal.Small amounts of Cu and Pb have been identified in the glassy phase.Analysis suggests that the slag and furnace wall are relics of copper smelting,melting and casting.Tin was intentionally added in the process of melting and casting.

Abstract:Dongqianhu Stone Inscriptions,as one of the key cultural relics under state protection,reflect the art achievement of Southern Song's stone carvings.Because of the local climate and environment,the site undergoes serious biodeterioration.In order to choose the right cleaning materials for the carvings and prevention of the growth of microorganisms,biodeteriogens from the site were identified.Treatment of the carvings is described.The information will be useful in dealing with the biodeterioration of stone carvings in wet climates in the south region.

Abstract:The structural health monitoring system for Cangzhou Iron Lion has set an example for the protection of large outdoor cultural relics.The general guidelines of the structural health monitoring system were proposed and framed based on the Cangzhou Iron Lion's structural features and particular protection principles.Sensors and data acquisition system were carefully studied,the lectotype and optimal locations of sensors were selected；the optimum hardware system for data acquisition was allocated and a special software system was developed by LabVIEW.The data management system was exploited using a central database built by SQL Server and the human computer interfaces designed by Delphi.A corresponding data analysis program was also developed.A special FE analysis module based on ANSYS was developed by MATLAB.Preliminary structural safety assessment values were discussed.The system integration platform was set up by Delphi,which coordinates different subsystems of the health monitoring system cooperate smoothly,all relevant interface programs were compiled with ANSYS,MATLAB,etc.Finally,the test experiments of Cangzhou Iron Lion structural health monitoring system were carried out to prove its reliability.The results show that data can reflect basic structural performances.

Abstract:pieces of Xuejiagang jades preserved at the Institute of Archaeology of Anhui Province and Museum of Anhui Province were analyzed to study the carving technology of jades.Stereomicroscope was used to observe the surface micro traces.X ray diffraction analysis,infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were performed for phase studies.The results show that Xuejiagang jades are almost plain,without surface pattern.The jade material is mostly nephrite of a crude structure.The opening technique is mainly line cutting with piece cutting as a supplement.Holes were mainly drilled from both sides,and the tools used were both solid drills and hollow drills.There are spiral drilling traces and two surface drilling traces left on the hole wall.The entire jade had been burnished and polished.Broken jade could have been joint repaired.Techniques such as hollow carving and bas relief by reducing and line incising appeared in the late Xuejiagang culture,reflecting remarkable progress in carving technology.

Abstract:Before compacted soil ruins are open to the public,they need to be restored and reinforced.Usually,a synthetic resin (polyurethane resin) is used to reinforcement the ruin's body and surface.However,there are a series of problems when the synthetic resin is used,such as the decrease in the soil's strength and the damage to the ruin's structure.This paper shows an attempt of using slake lime,glutinous rice cooking soup and tung oils to reinforce ruins constructed of Masa and Volcanic soils which are widely distributed in Kyushu Japan.The unconfined compression,odeometer,drying and wetting durability and freezing and thawing durability tests were carried out on samples prepared with different patterns.Tests results show that addition of 4% tung oils and slake lime into the samples could dramatically increase the strength of compacted soils.Samples have good compressibility and freezing and thawing durability.In particular,the drying and wetting durability is reinforced.The method could be applied in restoration projects on fill ruins located in Kyushu area,Japan.

Abstract:Archaeological wooden objects excavated from Gansu are generally rotten and show typical corrosive characteristics due to the unique geographic environment and climate.Usually,wood objects are unstable to the outside environmental elements due to their wooden character and structure.The burial site,excavation process and museum environment all affect the decay of wood.Based on the current state of preservation of rotted wood objects from Gansu,the burial site conditions,museum environment and the influencing factors of exterior environment were investigated;the process and effect of environmental factors were analyzed;and the process and cause for deterioration were revealed.The mechanism of environmental corrosion includes the following factors.1) Deterioration due to visible light and ultraviolet radiation,namely photochemical reaction in cellulose,leading to the breakage of cellulose chains and the production of several new compounds.2) Decay of cellulose,which is stable at room temperature,but becomes unstable with and increase in temperature,being oxidized in the presence of both high temperature illumination and oxygen.The presence of water,visible light,oxygen,enzymes,acidic or alkaline environment and high temperature accelerates the deterioration of rotten wood.3) Soluble salts deteriorate the rotten wood by deliquescence and crystallization.4) Mold,microbes and other pests harm wooden objects by secreting enzymes that decompose organic compounds in wood.5) When the relative humidity was above 70%,the dust in the air deliquesces.When the dust settled on the surface of rotten wood,it can lead to the deterioration and decomposition of cellulose.

Abstract:An adjustable humidity chamber consisting of a humidity controller and an adjustable humidity chamber was developed to separate the attached textile layers and to test the feasibility of separating at different levels of humidity.It has the function of setting humidity freely and keeping constant humidity,air circulation；recording temperature and humidity continuously；and easily observing objects；easily taking out and putting in.The successful conservation of the Han Dynasty silk roll and research of its characters change proves that the adjustable humidity chamber is suitable or use with most textiles and gives satisfactory results.

Abstract:An Eastern Han period green glazed lamp in shape of a peacock,a Grade A cultural heritage object,currently located in the Shaanxi History Museum,was excavated in 1964 in Diaoqiao,Tongguan county,Shaanxi.The lamp broke into 70 fragments in its exhibition window during the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake.To re exhibit this precious piece,restoration must be done.All the fragments were investigated and recorded.Then,both the ceramic body of the lamp and restoring material were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscope.A restoration project is being carried out based on the experimental data.Pre-reinforcement,cleaning,jointing,adhesion,filling and other procedures were utilized to successfully restore the lamp.Now the restored lamp has reached the requirements for exhibition.

Abstract:On site conservation work on the painted lacquer carriages excavated from the tomb M3 and M16 in Majiayuan,Zhangjiachuan County,is discussed in regard to the importance of “timeliness” in on site conservation.

Abstract:Cesare Brandi from ltaly is one of the greatest modern theorists on conservation and restoration.In 1939,he was in charge of the construction of Central Restoration Research Centre,ltaly,and he was also the first director of the centre.“The Theory of Restoration for Cultural Relics,”which he wrote in 1969 is still the classic and academic foundation worldwide for the conservation of cultural relics'.The core of his theory is:restoration is a methodology applied for the understanding and restoration of artworks,and is based on history,natural science,aesthetics and material science.