Waterlogged wooden slips unearthed from Tomb No.1 of the Western Han Dynasty at Guankou, Wulong, Chongqing, serve as important physical evidence for the study of burial practices during the early Han Dynasty. To develop a scientific conservation strategy, this study built upon onsite preservation efforts and employed an integrated analytical approach—comprising wood species identification, moisture content determination, optical microscopy, infrared spectrometry, ion chromatography, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry to evaluate the preservation condition, degradation characteristics, and environmental ion impact on the wooden slips. The results identified the wood species as Keteleeria, which exhibited moderate degradation accompanied by noticeable microstructural damage. Infrared spectrometry revealed a significant reduction in the characteristic peaks of cellulose and hemicellulose, indicating considerable chemical deterioration. Ion concentration analysis suggested that iron ions had a minor impact on the artifacts. To address degradation issues including decay, oxidative discoloration, and deformation, a combined treatment involving sodium dithionite decolorization and ethanol-hexadecanol dehydration was applied. The conservation efficacy was systematically evaluated through chromatic aberration monitoring and dimensional measurement. Following the treatment, the wooden slips exhibited a marked increase in lightness, dimensional shrinkage controlled within 2.5%, restoration of the substrate to a pale-yellow hue, and clear and intact inscriptions, thereby meeting the requirements for conservation, research and display. This study effectively demonstrates the integrated approach of combining archaeological excavation with cultural heritage conservation, and provides a scientific reference for the conservation of similar waterlogged wooden slip artifacts.