As an indispensable item in ancient Chinese funeral ceremony, quilts served as an important medium for cultural inheritance and emotional expression. Two quilts unearthed from the tomb of the Tuyuhun king Murong Zhi in Wuwei, Gansu Province. One is a leno (Luo) quilt striped with brown and ochre stripes, and the other is a damask (Qi) quilt striped in yellow and deep red. Due to the long-term underground burial, both quilts suffered from severe deterioration. Scanning electron microscopy-energy disperse spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), ultra depth-of-field microscopy and ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) were used to conduct analysis and detection on the fiber materials, aging characteristics, pollutants and dye components. The results indicate that the quilts were made of mulberry silk and incorporated several wave structures, including leno, damask and plain weave. The detected pollutants mainly contained calcium phosphate precipitates and inorganic mineral particles. The identified dyes included madder, indigo and Phellodendron. Based on the scientific analysis, appropriate conservation and restoration measures were developed. Silk protein reinforcement technology was applied to reinforce the quilts overall, combined with backing and needlework, and missing parts were restored. After the restoration, the damages were effectively controlled, and the quilts’ historical appearances were largely recovered, providing a physical basis for the further research.