China boasts a large number of precious paper-based cultural relics, but it is difficult to maintain their physical and chemical properties for a long time due to multiple internal and external factors. A variety of diseases can cause the decline of carrier performances, and these affect the lifetime of cultural relics. Most of the available studies of conservation and restoration focus on the analysis of the causes of paper acidification and deacidification materials, while those about the practical application are relatively fewer. Therefore, this article, from the practical level, takes the deacidification method as the research focus, and learns from the conservation and restoration experience of Italian paper relics. It introduces the preparations that should be done before deacidification and the selection of auxiliary materials, and sorts out several deacidification technologies commonly used indoors in recent years from the two perspectives of process and materials. It then clarifies the key points and precautions of operation and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different technologies. Finally, it proposes the working ideas for deacidification intervention based on the characteristics of paper-based cultural relics in China. In addition, in order to better keep the effect of deacidification, the article further discusses the significance and operation methods of the subsequent anti-oxidation and reinforcement restoration as an extension, to emphasize the importance of the overall conservation and restoration work.