The lower reaches of Yangtze River are the birthplace of Chinese lacquerwares and an important production area with a wide-spread range. In our study, through the identification of 16 lacquerwares of the Han, Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, it was found that those of the Han Dynasties were mainly made of hard wood (broad-leaved wood), and those from the Tang Dynasty were made of soft wood (coniferous wood). This phenomenon was closely related to the change of social demand, progress of material understanding, and development of lacquerware-making technology. The constant change of lacquerware-making technology and the replacement of broad-leaved wood with coniferous wood made the fabrication process of lacquerwares easier and resulted in the change of cores from being heavy to light and from being thick to thin, bringing curving and diverse shapes. In addition, the lacquerwares with Quandietai also have different forms, which may be related to the type of lacquerware and the material understanding at different times. Based on the studies of lacquerware wooden cores, we understood the lacquerware-making technology and explored the development and utilization of ancient people’s knowledge of wood.