In different eras and regions, and by different institutions, various sci-tech conservation and restoration techniques have been successively implemented for ancient architectural color paintings in China. However, there is a lack of comparative studies on the historical evolution of sci-tech conservation and restoration and the evaluation of effects. It is urgently needed to establish a scientific, objective and practical evaluation system for the conservation and restoration of ancient architectural color paintings in China. This study is part of the self-funded project “Research on the Historical Evolution and Effect Evaluation of Sci-Tech Conservation of Color Paintings” by the Key Scientific Research Base of the National Cultural Heritage Administration. The study involves detailed investigations of 10 typical ancient architectural color paintings nationwide, which have undergone conservation for at least five years and have relatively complete preliminary data. Based on the investigation results, five types of conservation materials were selected for laboratory simulation tests to evaluate their reinforcement performances for the pigment layer. This study aims to provide reliable practical cases, and experimental data supports for the selection of conservation materials for ancient architectural color paintings, thus offering new references and insights to cultural heritage conservation and related material evaluation.