The shipwreck in Chaotang River of Cixi is the first ancient shipwreck discovered and scientifically excavated in this area. Its hull construction is generally intact and has 10 existing compartment wall panels. The ¹⁴C dating revealed that the shipwreck belonged to the Yuan Dynasty (1271 AD-1368 AD). To investigate and analyze the shipwreck’s disease situation, samples were collected from 70 monitoring points on the hull, and testing was conducted from various perspectives, including tree types, chemical composition of wood, sulfur and iron element contents and microbial disease types. The results show that the wood samples of the shipwreck in Chaotang River of Cixi were in a water-saturated state due to a long-term burial environment in the inland waterway, the maximum moisture contents were mainly between 185%-400%, some areas exhibited the phenomena of discoloration, deformation, twisting and cracking, and the chemical composition of wood exhibited the characteristics of low cellulose and high ash. It is in a state of moderate corrosion and thus requires immediate hull conservation work such as desalination and filling reinforcement.