The key to controlled freezing disinsection is control. The control indicators include freezing temperature, cooling rate and freezing time. The purpose of control is to achieve pest extermination. The freezing temperature and cooling rate directly affect the physical safety of frozen objects, so controlled freezing disinsection with the prerequisite of ensuring the safety of objects requires risk management. Based on literature analysis, laboratory investigations and theoretical studies on related issues, it is found that the risk of incomplete pest extermination will occur when the temperature is not low enough, the cooling rate is not fast enough, and the freezing time is too short. The damage to objects caused by the extreme low temperature and rapid cooling is related to the material properties of the frozen objects, so materials that are inevitably damaged under the extreme low temperature and thermal shock should be excluded from freezing disinsection. Selecting freezing temperatures in a scientific way and strengthening the control of the freezing disinsection process could eliminate its risk and ensure pest control as well as the safety of the collection.