This study is focused on an archaeological site composed of stone and soil. Based on the determination of the permeability of stone and soil, the environmental conditions of wet and dry deterioration are quantitatively evaluated by digital volume correlation (DVC) and digital image correlation (DIC), and environmental adjustment methods to control the occurrence of such deterioration are proposed. In order to collect basic data, experiments were conducted to analyze the amount of displacement of TOYOURA silica sand from wetting to drying by DIC and X-ray imaging technology. In the experiment, the deformation distribution of the samples under shrinkage stress was calculated using DIC. In addition, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the applicability of iron powder as a tracer by using iron powder as a reference point to calculate the amount of displacement in a specific range of TOYOURA silica sand. The results show that the deformation distribution before and after drying could be calculated by taking X-ray transmission images of the samples before and after drying and analyzing them with DIC. The addition of the tracer to the samples was also found to be useful in analyzing the direction and amount of movement in localized areas of the samples. Therefore, through the application of this technology, it is believed that it could be used to elucidate the deterioration mechanism of dry-wet cycle weathering in the future.