The observation and analysis of the internal structure and surface fluctuation of lacquerware in cultural heritage objects is an important way to explore the causes of the formation of diseases on these objects and to understand the traditional techniques used to produce them. X-ray computed tomography (X-CT), applied in this study may achieve nondestructive detection of cultural heritage objects. Being able to penetrate the surface of an object, X-rays can therefore render clear and precise images of its inside. Based on this technology, we can obtain new understanding of the original production methods and the state of preservation of an object. Through the interpretation of the X-radiographs of a lacquer box, we analyzed its body structure and the causes of its damages. We also compared the differences in the production of lacquerware bottoms with historical literature. Finally we tried to display its wooden-body structure intuitively by reconstructing 3D model pictures. The study of lacquerware production techniques and surface diseases is conducive to analyzing the influences of different lacquerware production techniques on their diseases. The related results could be used to analyze the damages to the cultural heritage object and make rigorous scientific plans for subsequent restoration in a specific way. The data could also provide a scientific guidance for the research on production techniques and conservation of cultural relics in the future.