The Han Dynasties were the heyday of lacquerware development. A large number of painted lacquerware objects have been excavated from Tushantun Han tombs in Qingdao, Shandong. Most of them have one to two thin layers of lacquer, but fragments of a lacquer Lian unearthed from Tomb M162 have five layers of lacquer. Furthermore, each lacquer layer is thicker than that of other lacquerware from the same period of the Han Dynasties. In this study, digital microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and other methods were used to analyze the fragments of the lacquer Lian unearthed from Tomb M162. According to previous research results, the Lian is a Han Dynasty lacquerware specimen with the largest number of red lacquer layers found so far and its production process is more complex than that of single-layer lacquerware. The development of this multi-layer lacquering process with the same color may be regarded as the origin of the craft of carved lacquerware production.