Located in the northernmost part of Xinjiang, Altay Prefecture boasts rich cultural exchanges with the Eurasian Steppes. Since the development of metallurgical technology is closely related to the beginning of human civilization, we selected nine artifacts—bronze Fu (cauldrons) and harnesses—representing nomadic cultures as research objects, in order to explore the metallurgical development of Altay Prefecture. The metallographic structure and composition of 16 samples were analyzed using metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Technical characteristics of their production are discussed in the paper. It was found that the casting process was generally adopted for the early Iron Age bronzes in Altay Prefecture, and their components are mainly pure copper, arsenic-copper and lead-arsenic-bronze. The results provide an important reference for the research on the metallurgical development in Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang.