The interior decoration of Yang Xin Dian (Hall of Mental Cultivation) of the Palace Museum was achieved with a variety of materials, among which are paper-based artworks including Tieluo (wall paper-sticker decoration) and the decorative calligraphy and paintings on the partition doors and windows of the imperial architecture compound. Tieluo are concentrated in the main hall, the east and west pavilions and the Buddha hall. In the project of the conservation of Yang Xin Dian, conservators of Chinese paintings and calligraphy carried out a comprehensive investigation in the area. Tieluo “longevity” was pasted on the wallpaper in the Buddha hall of Yang Xin Dian. The painting paper of the Tieluo is yellow powder-wax paper drawn with silver dragon and cloud patterns. In order to study its structure and techniques, multi-angle photography was used to analyze the status of the Tieluo. The structure of the powder-wax paper was analyzed by cross-sectional observation, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), combined with micro-infrared spectroscopic mapping; the yellow dye was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS); the fiber morphology of the backing paper was observed using microscopy. This is the first study of the structures, materials and techniques of the Qing Dynasty powder-wax paper, and provides a scientific basis for the research on the conservation of this kind of processed paper.