Oil stains on handmade paper is a common disease of paper relics, but there is little research on how this disease affects the permanence of handmade paper. In this study, the change in paper durability was taken as the breakthrough point, and the coexistence of oil stains and paper was observed by scanning electron microscopy, so as to determine the influence of oil stains on handmade paper. The results show that oil stains can affect the physical properties of paper to a certain extent, increase the color difference values and decrease the pH values. Moreover, oil stains wrapped on fibers to affect the paper in a way of physical adsorption. With the increase of aging time, oil stains gradually deteriorated because of oxidation and decay, so the influence of oil stains on the durability of paper is greater in the early stage than in the later stage of aging.