The unique texture and luster of jet make it one of the important materials for making ornaments and handicrafts, and has been used in China since the middle Neolithic Age. At present, the identification of jet artifacts is mainly based on appearance morphology, scratch color and destructive petrologic methods, but few non- or micro-destructive scientific investigations have been conducted. In this study, the non- and micro-destructive scientific analyses of a black bead unearthed in a Western Han tomb from Shengjindian Cemetery in Turpan, Xinjiang was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), infrared spectrometry and synchrotron radiation micro-computation tomography (SR-μCT). The results show that the bead is made of jet with a uniform structure, and that double-sided drilling technology, polishing and trimming were utilized in its production. Jet artifacts gradually appeared in the tombs of low-rank people since the Western Han Dynasty. This phenomenon of consumption popularization might be related to the first large-scale exploitation of coal in the Han Dynasty. Moreover, since the Han Dynasty, jet artifacts have sporadically appeared in Xinjiang, suggesting that the utilization of jet artifacts in Xinjiang was probably influenced by Han culture.