Based on neutron properties such as high-penetration and high-sensitivity to elements, neutron diffraction and imaging are applied to the in situ, nondestructive and bulk measurement to get information of quantitative composition and inner structure. In this paper, neutron diffraction and imaging are introduced in terms of instrumentation, its characteristics and its application in cultural heritage studies. This work reveals prospects for broad application in the field of culture heritage research, providing a reference for the nondestructive analysis of artefacts in China.