Identification of species of wood components is the basic work for maintenance and protection of ancient wooden architectural objects. Our research was conducted in order to provide a basis for the selection of tree species to support the needs of renovation and protection of the hall of Zhilin Temple in Jianshui County, and also to understand the characteristics of wood culture, to identify species and to investigate the allocation of wood components in the hall. Seven hundred wood samples were identified using the methods of slicing, microscopic photography, macroscopic and microscopic characteristics analysis, etc. The results show that in the hall of Zhilin Temple, four genera of wood, namely Pinus sp., Cyclobalanopsis sp., Erythrophleum sp. and Schima sp., were used for various components. In addition, through the analysis of wood component allocation, it is found that selection of material for the hall of Zhilin Temple reached a high level, showing not only the time of construction but also the characteristics of repair.