The Suspended Reclining Buddha, a huge stone statue created in the late Tang Dynasty, possesses highly historical, artistic, scientific and religious values. However, the current state of preservation is poor due to the existence of pigment fall-off, soaking powder, flaking and other diseases. Therefore, urgent conservation and restoration is needed. In order to understand the composition and structure of pigment layers on the Suspended Reclining Buddha, pigment samples were analyzed using a variety of methods including metallographic microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry and Raman spectrometry. The results indicate:1) the red pigment is hematite and red lead; 2) the blue pigment is ultramarine; 3) the green pigment is atacamite; 4) the cyan pigment is cornwallite; 5) the white pigment is anglesite; 6) some parts of the statue are covered with gold leaf and 7) the statue has been repainted many times.