In order to study the architectural form and structural performance of the special type of Chinese architectural heritage—brick-vault halls built in the Ming Dynasty, the brick-vault hall of Yongzuo Temple was taken as an example. First, the accurate geometric dimensions of this building were obtained by a survey using a three dimensional scanner. Then, the architectural form of this building was studied based on the analysis of some relevant historical literature. In addition, the material strength of the hall was achieved using a nondestructive testing method. A finite element model of this building was created to analyze its structural performance based on knowledge of the accurate geometric dimensions and the accurate material strengths. These results could contribute to the conservation strategies for other buildings of this type.