Some precious gemstone bead ornaments unearthed from Hepu County, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, dates back to the Xinmang Period (8 AD~23 AD) and the late Eastern Han Dynasty (25 AD~220 AD). These ornaments were analyzed in situ and non-destructively using two portable Raman spectrometers. A batch of light blue and colorless transparent bead ornaments made of beryl group minerals (e.g. aquamarine and goshenite) which had been easily mistaken for colored quartz beads were successfully identified. A hand-held microscope was used to observe and analyze the shape, diameter and inner micro-wear of the drill perforations of the beryl gem beads. According to markings in the cylindrical drill holes, and their diameters, as well as the research results reported earlier for the drilling techniques and tools of stone bead ornaments from South Asia and Southeast Asia, a diamond drill was used to drill the hole from the two ends of the beads. In consideration of information obtained regarding gemstone resources, ancient beryl artifacts, and drilling techniques and workshop sites found in South Asia, we tend to think that the beryl bead ornaments were imported from South Asia via the Maritime Silk Road. This research provides valuable information for discussing the economic and cultural exchanges between southern China and South Asia and Southeast Asia during the Han Dynasty, and also improves our understanding on the ancient Maritime Silk Road trade networks for precious goods.