Many pigments have been used for oil paintings. The same color group might have a number of pigments and these pigments are relatively sensitive to the environment changes. When the pigments degrade, it is hard to distinguish them by naked eye. Before restoration and protection, identification of the original pigments at the places where the pigments was lost is a fundamental task. This information is needed for selection of pigments used to restore the painting. The pigments from seven oil paintings by a famous Chinese painter, Pan Yuliang, were analyzed by Xray diffraction and Xray fluorescence. This paper discusses the concerns when selecting pigments for restoration. The selected pigments should be carefully selected to avoid incompatibility issues, i.e., chemical reactions that further damage the paintings (secondary damage).