Abstract:The precious long black bamboo scroll by Xia Chang is part of the Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum collection. The painting had been broken into four pieces with top stick falling off. The head wrap, reel pieces and paper trim were worn out. The painting needed urgent restoration. In order to avoid damage, a pH meter, a color difference meter, a super depth focus screen microscope, a fiber measuring instrument, a scanning electron microscope and a portable Xray fluorescencespectrometer were used to analyze the painting and decorative materials. These detailed investigations gave much information about the previous decorations and help in developing a scientific and reasonable restoration process.