The manufacturing process and materials used for carvedlacquer fragments were studied by using optical microscopy, FTIR microspectroscopy, SEM and micro laser Raman, Xray fluorescence, and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy. This research provided scientific data to enable understanding the process used for manufacturing ancient Chinese lacquerware and its protection and restoration.This study suggested that the bottom layer was wood of Cunninghamia Lanceolata. The base of the lacquer coating on the bottom layer was a mixture of kaolin (Al₂O₃·2SiO₂·2H₂O) and animal hair. The inside and outside lacquer layers were black and red, respectively. In addition, the outer lacquer layer was carved into Ruyi moire shape,on the edge of which a black lacquer line was inscribed. The lacquer was finished by brushing a layer of red lacquer on the topmost surface of Ruyi moire. The red and black lacquer layers were made from the same natural raw lacquer, but were mixed with HgS and a black pigment containing Fe, respectively.