By using photomicrograph imaging, UV imaging, polarized light microscopy, Xray fluorescence (XRF), Xray powder diffraction (XRD), as well as scanning electron microscopy with Xray microanalysis (SEMEDS), ancient pigment samples taken from the Buddha statues unearthed in Jingchuan County, Gansu Province were analyzed. The samples came from Northern Wei Status(#87), a Sui dynasty Buddha head (#99), a Song Dynasty Buddha head (#54) and two fragmented Buddha statues. Results show that cinnabar was used on the Northern Wei and Sui Dynasty objects, while iron oxide red was used on the statue dated to the Song dynasty; malachite was used as the green pigment on statues dated to the Northern Wei and Sui dynasties. The white pigment was calcium carbonate. Carbon black was used to paint eyes. With regard to identified pigments from the fragmented statue, it is concluded that its manufacturing period is not later than the middle of the Tang dynasty. UV fluorescence in the white substrate layer indicated the possible existence of an organic binder. As for elemental analysis, lead was extensively detected by XRF and EDS. However, no lead based pigments were found by XRD. The same result was reported in an earlier study of wallpaintings excavated in Guanzhong. Whether the lead is related to the polychrome technique is still a question and requires more investigation.