It is difficultfor ancient leather to survive underground, so few leather relics have been excavated in China.Most of them have been found in the dry burial conditions that are found in dry climate of places like Xinjiang and Gansu in Northwest China. These archeological leathers are good materials to learn about the life of ancient peoples. The deterioration of dry archaeological leathers, including the internal and external causes, before and after excavationare discussed in this paper. Internal causes include the nature of leather and the tanning process; external causes are the soil conditions of the burial site and the preservation conditions after excavation. The process of conservation of dry leather from Wubao Tomb of Xinjiang province was used as an example in this paper. Methods used in the conservation of archaeological dry leather are introduced as well.