In order to investigate materials and the states of preservation of polychrome layers on fifteen ceramics unearthed from Tombs M17 and M19 of the Eastern Han Dynasty at Feijiacun Village in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, we conducted analyses using a variety of methods, including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS). The results show that 1) red lead was used as a pigment on six ceramics unearthed from Tomb M17, the presence of lead carbonate (PbCO₃) in the red lead pigment indicating that discoloration of some of the red lead have occurred due to the burial environment; 2) cinnabar and iron oxide were used as pigments on ceramics unearthed from Tomb M19, and five ceramics thereof were decorated with lacquer; and 3) as determined by SEM, the rim of three ceramics from Tomb M19 has a tin oxide layer resulting from oxidation of the original metallic tin; and according to literature research, tin amalgam is a possible decorating method for rims of the ceramics in our study. The results may provide a basis for further understandings of the ceramics.