To improve operating times, conservation effects and environmental protection when using dehydration for conservation of waterlogged wooden cultural relics, we studied a new method, namely, polymerization-freeze drying with water-soluble monomers such as acrylamide (AM) and N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP). The waterlogged wood samples treated were from the Tianluoshan, Hemudu and Maoshan Liangzhu Culture Sites. The monomers at different concentrations were polymerized in water. The optimal polymerization systems were then selected on the basis of volume change rate after polymerization and freezing. Five polymerization systems with change rates controlled within ±5% were finally chosen for research on dehydration conservation. When the total concentrations of AM and NVP in monomer polymerization-freeze drying system were equal to or less than 7.5%, the size change rates of the samples could be controlled within ±5%.