The instability of rock bodies is one of the major threats to the cave relics. Realtime monitoring of rock bodies is needed. If a large amount of data is collected, it can be used to construct a mathematical model to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of protection plans. Using the Yungang Grottoes as an example, this paper selects monitoring systems based on characteristics of the rock mass and introduces a statistical analysis model used in stability monitoring to analyze and evaluate the stability of rock mass. Research focused on factors closely associated with the rock mass stability, for example, rock surface deformation, dangerously inclined rock masses and rock surface temperature distribution. This research promotes the integration of the study of cultural relic preservation with other disciplines. Also it helps the preservation of cultural rock relics based on science and technology.