数字近景摄影测量在秦始皇陵百戏坑考古中的应用研究
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(1.西安科技大学测绘科学与技术学院,陕西西安710054;;2.武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉,430079; ;3.秦始皇帝陵博物院,陕西西安,710600)

作者简介:

张春森(1963—),男,博士,教授,2004年博士毕业于武汉大学遥感信息工程学院,主要从事摄影测量与遥感方面的研究与教学。Email:zhchunsen@qq.com

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陕西省自然科学基金资助(2010JM5009),秦始皇帝陵博物院2010年度课题资助,秦始皇帝陵博物院2011年度课题资助


Application of digital closerange photogrammetry during archaeological excavation of the acrobatic figurines pit at the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum site
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(1. College of Geometrics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China; ;2. State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; ;3. Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Park, Xi'an 710600, China)

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    摘要:

    既要保留遗迹在不同阶段的信息资料,又不影响发掘研究工作的继续进行,一直是考古工作者探索研究的问题。为配合秦始皇陵百戏俑坑的考古发掘工作,为后续考古研究和文物遗迹的保护提供必要的基础信息资料,针对大场景考古发掘现场,通过数字全站仪对文物挖掘现场布设的一定数量控制点进行观测获取其三维点位坐标。利用非量测数码相机获取现场多航带序列影像,通过数码相机检校、自动空中三角测量、影像特征提取与影像匹配、数字微分纠正等数字近景摄影测量方法,获取反映发掘现场文物分布情况的数字高程模型(DEM)和正射影像(DOM)数据。在生成的正射影像图上进行文物轮廓线条的提取, 获得发掘现场文物的正射投影矢量图。实现文物位置、形状及分布的平面量测。实验证明:该方法不仅可大面积、快速获取文物挖掘现场文物分布的正射投影平面图,实现考古数字制图,而且能保证一定的精度。具有较高的推广应用价值。

    Abstract:

    The drawing of archaeological sites is important for the field of archaeology. On the one hand, information at various stages of excavation of archaeological sites should be preserved; on the other, excavation of the sites should not be interrupted. Therefore, this topic has always been explored by archaeologists. The archaeological excavation of the acrobatics figurines pit (K9901) of Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum was used as an example to record the site information for future archaeological studies and cultural relic protection. Aiming for large scale archaeological projects, a method of digital close range photogrammetry was developed for application to field archaeology mapping. The threedimensional parameters at certain control points during excavation of relics site were obtained using electronic total stations. The multistrip sequence images of the archaeological excavation site were taken using a nonmetric digital camera. Using the digital photogrammetry method, a digital elevation model (DEM) and a digital orthophoto map (DOM) can be obtained that reflected the distribution of the objects in the excavation site. The contour lines of the relics from the orthophoto images were used to construct an orthographic vector graph of the archaeological excavation site. It recorded the positions of the relics and their shape and distribution. This experiment showed that it was possible to obtain, rapidly, highly precise digital maps of large archaeological sites. The method is worth applying to other similar projects.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-01-14
  • 最后修改日期:2013-05-17
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-06-25
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