To get a better understanding of production techniques used for paintings and colored drawings of ancient Chinese architecture , traditional craftsmanship should be analyzed scientifically. X ~ ray diffraction , X ~ ray fluores- cence , scanning electron microscopy , stereomicroscope and other instrumental methods were used to analyze the pro- duction techniques used for paintings and colored drawings from the Bogda Khan Palace Museum in Mongolia,the Jiayu Pass in Gansu province , the Summer Palace in Beijing and the Taifu Taoist Temple in Shanxi province. The re- sults showed that " five plaster layers with one fiber layer " , " four plaster layers with one fiber layer" , " only plaster layer" were techniques applied to the painting background plaster. Flax fiber was extensively used in the fiber layer of the samples. Only sample YHY 22 had a fiber layer made of cotton. Plaster samples from the Summer Palace and the Bogda Khan Palace Museum used brick ash as the main inorganic filler, samples from the Jiayu Pass were chalk , and those from ancient architecture of Shanxi province probably used local soil. It was concluded that primary materials and techniques used in ancient painting and colored drawings of these districts were different.