The Yangtze River Estuary No.2 is one of the most important shipwreck discoveries in China. The large quantity of unearthed porcelains provides key material evidence for the study of maritime trade during the Qing Dynasty. In this study, 33 porcelain samples of various types including blue-and-white, famille-rose and celadon porcelains, as well as three intact wares from the Yangtze River Estuary No.2 shipwreck, were examined. Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and microscopy were used to conduct a preliminary research on their chemical compositional characteristics, provenances and corrosion conditions. The results show that most of the blue-and-white, famille-rose and celadon porcelains were likely produced within the Jingdezhen kiln system, and some originated from kilns in Zhejiang and Fujian. These findings reflect the extensive riverine and maritime porcelain trade networks of the Qing Dynasty. Although the porcelains were produced in folk kilns, they feature exquisite craftsmanship and high material quality. This study provides a scientific basis for the classification, conservation, display and further research on porcelain relics from shipwreck contexts.