This study utilizes 3D scanning point cloud data of the Qin Terracotta Warriors to establish solid models of vertical arms and weapon-holding bent-elbow arms using COMSOL software. Stress distribution in shoulder joints and stress concentration phenomena induced by existing cracks are analyzed to investigate the performance requirements of adhesive materials used in repairing shoulder cracks of the Terracotta Warriors. For vertical-arm figures, stress is primarily concentrated at the lower edge of the shoulder joints. When cracks exist in this area, abrupt stress variations exceeding the material strength limits may occur locally. Adhesive repair can optimize the surrounding stress distribution, reducing both maximum stress values and stress gradients to safe ranges. Using epoxy resin as the bonding material, a comparative parameter analysis of lower-edge cracks in vertical-arm shoulders and armor cracks in bent-elbow arms reveals that adhesives with a lower Young’s modulus and thicker bonding layers can effectively reduce maximum stress values at repair sites to safe levels, while the contribution of Poisson’s ratio variations is relatively minor. In practical restoration, appropriate bonding materials should be selected based on stress characteristics of specific repair locations to reduce Von Mises stress near joints, thereby decreasing stress intensity factors and mitigating secondary damage risks. This research provides valuable references for the preventive conservation and restoration of cultural relics.