Glazed artifacts served as significant ornamental features in ancient architecture, extensively used in Central Asia and Western Asia as well as in China. Kashgar Prefecture, located in western Xinjiang, held a pivotal position along the Silk Road and boasted many edifices adorned with colored glazed bricks on their exteriors. In this study, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry were utilized to analyze glazed bricks from the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Kashgar Prefecture, in order to determine the compositions of both the clay body and glaze. The results reveal that the brick bodies consisted of local clay, but some samples were coated with white gypsum or high-silica engobe. In addition, the glazes could be categorized into lead glaze, alkali glaze, and alkali-lead glaze types based on their fluxes. These results establish close connections with Central Asian glaze techniques and serve as valuable evidence for cultural and technological exchanges between domestic and foreign civilizations.