Due to the limitations and complexity of ancient ceramic restoration materials, there is a risk of damage to porcelain having many defects due to the deviation of the center of gravity. Meanwhile, due to the difference in material structure and mechanism and other factors, it is difficult for restoration materials to achieve the same texture as that of ancient ceramics. In this study, a Yuan Dynasty blue and white twinned branch peony cloud dragon plate collected by Jingdezhen Ceramic University was taken as an example. Based on the material characteristics of the plate body, the compatibility analysis of complementary materials was carried out based on the transmittance, density, hardness, etc. Finally, it was confirmed that the adhesive suitable for the plate was Hxtal (YL-1), and the complementary materials were 200 mesh, 800 mesh and 3 000 mesh alumina mixed with the Red Star 509 epoxy glue, these being the closest to the process characteristics of Yuan blue and white porcelain. The results further demonstrate the utility of scientific application of ancient ceramic restoration materials. Based on following the principles of restoration, the security risks of cultural relics are not only reduced, but the display of artifacts is also improved.