To clarify the materials and manufacturing technique for a lacquer Lian discovered from a Han tomb in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), micro-Raman spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the lacquering technique, chemical composition of the lacquer film, and the decoration materials for the lacquer Lian fragments. The analytical results indicate that the Jiazhutai technique was used to make the lacquer Lian, with two layers of plain linen fabric being the inner matrix. The lacquer-ash layer was composed of quartz, albite, muscovite, and hydroxyapatite. Most interestingly, the existence of hydroxyapatite suggests that powdered bone was added in the lacquer-ash layer. Cinnabar and an iron-containing material were utilized to redden and blacken the lacquer film respectively. The latter may have been added into the lacquer intentionally to acquire the effect no later than the Han Dynasties. The FTIR result reflects that lacquer film was made with raw lacquer. In addition, metal plates decorated on the lacquer Lian surface were made of silver, which were embedded. The silver plates were seriously corroded, and the corrosion products were mainly silver chloride. This research plays an important role in supplementing the information of materials, manufacturing technique, and surface decoration method for Han Dynasty lacquerware in the Guanzhong region of China.