In order to conduct in-depth research on the historical and cultural significance of the Qinglongshan site in Yiliang, 12 samples from the wooden components of unearthed weapons were identified and analyzed. The identification results show that there were 7 kinds of wood, namely Pinus sp., Castanopsis sp., Photinia sp., Alangium sp., Chukrasia sp., Phoebe sp. and Poaceae bamboo, used for the wooden components of the weapons. According to the characteristics of these kinds of wood, the ancients chose the ones with lower density and better toughness for arrow shafts, and the ones with high hardness, high density, impact resistance and good stability for long handled weapon rods. Actual bamboo weapon handles were found in Yunnan region for the first time in our study, and it is speculated that they were made of composite bamboo materials. In addition, through the analysis of coexisting ecological factors of wood, the ancient climate environment around the site was preliminarily revealed to have an average annual temperature of approximately 13.3℃ to 18.7℃ and an average annual precipitation of approximately 868 mm to 1 363 mm. These results provide a basis for the conservation and restoration of weapons unearthed in the future, as well as clues for the study of the materials used for wooden components of weapons and regarding the climate environment during the ancient period of Yunnan.