Plaster disruption, called the “cancer” of murals, is one of the most serious diseases of murals. Since the formation of plaster disruption is influenced by many factors, the related treatment and prevention are severely restricted by the indefinite mechanism of formation, lack of repair materials, and difficulty of repair methods. This paper systematically reviews previous research on the cause and mechanism of formation of plaster disruption, reinforcement and plaster repair materials, as well as conservation and restoration methods for different salts. Also, the experiences gained during the restoration of murals suffering from plaster disruption are objectively evaluated in this paper. We hope this article will provide systematic technological and practical references for the prevention and treatment of plaster disruption of ancient murals.