In the conservation and restoration of cultural relics, paper needs to be decolorized to remove some stubborn stains and mildew. Six different types of decolorizers were selected to explore the effects of the decolorizing treatment on the physical and chemical properties of several traditional hand-made paper samples (such as rice paper, leather paper and bamboo paper) after aging. It was revealed that there were great differences in the effects of various decolorizers on the durability of different paper types. Both oxidizing and reducing decolorizers influenced the physical and chemical properties of the paper samples. Different decolorizers have diverse effects on the long-term durability of paper. In general, decolorizers with strong oxidation can cause serious damage to fiber materials, and reducing decolorization has limited influences on the physical and chemical properties of paper. In the process of necessary decolorization of paper relics, selecting the appropriate decolorizer according to the characteristics of paper itself can effectively reduce the damage.