A large number of different kinds of colored gemstone artifacts of the Ming Dynasty have been unearthed in China, but the vast majority of colored gemstones did not originate in China. In our work, we analyzed a sapphire inlaid on a gold crown with seven phoenixes and three dragons excavated from the Yang tomb in Bozhou of the Ming Dynasty using an integrated study of trace elements and internal inclusion characteristics, in order to investigate the provenance of the sapphire. In situ analysis of trace elements by LA-ICP-MS reveals that the sample is characterized by low Fe and Ga contents and high Mg content with a low Ga/Mg ratio, which is consistent with the sapphire of metamorphic origin and excluded from magmatic origin deposits. The internal inclusions of the sample were observed and compared with those of other samples from different metamorphogenic sapphire provenances, and it was found that they were more similar to those of Myanmar and Madagascar sapphires. Finally, in combination with the historical records of the discovery and mining of sapphire deposits in different regions, the comprehensive research and analysis led to the conclusion that the ore for this sapphire artifact most likely came from the Myanmar mines. This study could provide some scientific basis for exploring the provenances of colored gemstone artifacts represented by sapphires of ancient China.