Abstract:A batch of Shang Dynasty bronze wares unearthed from Liujiazhuang site in Jinan was investigated in this study. Archaeological evidence shows that most of the bronze wares with inscriptions and national emblems are quite similar to those from Yin Ruins, indicating that in Liujiazhuang area lived a clan closely related to the Shang capital in the late Shang Dynasty. According to existing information, there have been achievements in the remnants of animals and plants, as well as lead isotopes of bronzes unearthed at the site. However, in general, scientific analysis data on the production process, alloy techniques and mineral material characteristics of these bronze wares are limited, and the relationship with the remains of Yin Ruins needs to be further discussed and analyzed. In this study, 29 bronze wares (56 samples) from three tombs at the site were selected as the research objects to analyze their microstructures, chemical compositions, lead isotope ratios, trace elements, in order to conduct comprehensive research in combination with archaeological data such as utensil shapes. A variety of analytical methods used included metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), VG Elemental multi-receiving inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and Liman Prodigy inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The results show that the majority of the bronze wares were tin bronze, lead bronze, pure copper, and lead-arsenic bronze. We propose that most of the objects were cast bronzes, with a couple showing signs of cold working after casting. Furthermore, the metallographic structure of most of the bronze wares is based on α solid solution with dendritic segregation and inter-dendritic distribution of (α+δ) eutectoids, some of which are totally corroded. Another obvious phenomenon was that Pb phase was granular and scattered or completely corroded, and irregular-shaped copper grains were precipitated between holes, branches and gaps. What is unusual about a handful of the utensils is that they feature slip lines in their metallographic structure, implying that they were cold-worked after casting. Moreover, the lead isotope ratio presents that this batch of bronze wares contains a relatively high proportion of lead of high radiogenic origin, which is consistent with the data distribution range of Phase Ⅱ and Ⅲ of Yin Ruins containing high radioactive lead artifacts but differs slightly from the distribution range of PhaseⅠand Ⅳ of Yin Ruins. Furthermore, their trace elements are characterized by high contents of Bi, As and Ag. These results are similar to the trace element distribution pattern of the bronzes from Yin Ruins. Last but not least, a thorough examination reveals that the primary raw materials of Liujiazhuang bronze wares and those from Yin Ruins seem to be the same. The shape and decoration style of Liujiazhuang bronze Ding, Gui and Gu are primarily related to the bronzes from Yin Ruins, notably PhaseⅡand Ⅲ of Yin Ruins, from the perspective of vessel type. As a result, we argue that the bronze wares unearthed from Liujiazhuang site resemble the ones dating back to PhaseⅡand Ⅲ of Yin Ruins. This study provides thorough scientific analysis of Shang Dynasty bronze wares from Liujiazhuang site and allows a further investigation of resource exchange between the Central Plains and Shandong during the late Shang Dynasty. According to the study, in the late Shang Dynasty, the Haidai area had significant ties to the Central Plains area where Yin Ruins are located, offering new evidence for the relationship between manufacturing and circulation of bronze wares in the late Shang Dynasty. Also, the study enriches our comprehension of Shang Dynasty bronze wares from Liujiazhuang site by supplementing and improving their scientific analysis content as well as archaeological research information, and provides a new perspective for an in-depth understanding of the relationship between the Haidai area and Yin Ruins during the Shang Dynasty.