Gangwa kiln is a large-scale kiln of the Liao Dynasty in Inner Mongolia. It is an official kiln of the Liao Dynasty and is in the same historical period as Ding kiln, one of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty. In order to reveal the relationship between Gangwa kiln and Ding kiln in terms of the body, glaze and crafts of porcelains, our study analyzed the chemical compositions of the body and glaze of white porcelains of the two kilns using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF), and also analyzed their microstructures and firing temperatures. With the aid of previous research data, we systematically compared the chemical compositions of the body and glaze of white porcelains and the crafts of Ding and Gangwa kilns. The results show that Gangwa kiln was largely affected by Ding kiln, and that the production of white porcelains in Gangwa kiln reflected the exchange of porcelain-making techniques between the Song and Liao Dynasties.