A portion of a silk calligraphy scroll was restored recently at Shanghai Museum. The surface of the silk is covered with a red coating, and there are hand-painted patterns such as cloud patterns, bat patterns and “Shou” (寿) character patterns. In order to protect the scroll, non-destructive (micro damage) detection technologies such as video microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, Raman spectrometry and hyperspectral imaging were used, prior to restoration, to identify the materials and processing methods used. The results show that little of the silk used for this scroll remains. After mounting a layer of paper on the back, the silk surface was painted with lead white, and then cloud and bat patterns were drawn with kaolin and silver powder. Also, the fuzzy seal was effectively extracted. The study provides a scientific basis for subsequent conservation and restoration.