Long-term exposure to natural environment and presence of a great number of contaminants has resulted in the loss of the glaze layer of glazed tiles on ancient buildings, which seriously affects the appearance and artistic value as well as subsequent conservation and restoration. In our study, contaminants on glazed components were detected in experiments; the results indicated that the main contaminants were black carbon-containing attachments and old repair materials. Laser and steam cleaning technologies were used to eliminate these contaminants, and the cleaning effects were evaluated using video microscopy and colorimetry. The results show that 1) laser cleaning could effectively remove black carbon-containing attachments; 2) steam cleaning had significant effects on the removal of surface dust and light black contaminants; 3) removal with a surgical blade was effective for old repair materials. The experiment could play a guiding role in the process of cleaning and conservation of glazed components.