Modern microscope technology is a crucial research tool for the study of paper cultural relics. Through microscopic observation and analysis of several paper cultural relics, a variety of information, including surface morphology and other properties of paper fibers, and information about the papermaking process are acquired. External and dispersed fiber images, as well as the length, and width of fibers and their ratios are obtained. Microscopy is a useful tool for obtaining information about the age and origin of paper cultural relics and for guiding efforts to preserve them.