A piece of textile fragment was found in the lonely T129 beacon tower of the Juyan Sites accompanied by Han Dynasty wooden slips and Wuzhu coins. In order to understand the composition and weaving technique of the fabric, relevant scientific analyses were carried out. Using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, the textile material was determined to be silk. Furthermore, it was confirmed by stereoscopic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that the textile was a plain weave without pattern or trace of dyeing. Based on the weaving technique, it can be classified as Xiao, which was quite common in the Han Dynasty. The textile can be regarded as a specimen of the garments used in frontier garrisons during the Han Dynasty. It has certain significance for research on material exchanges and cultural communications along the Silk Road in the northwestern region of the Han Dynasty.