荆州博物馆文物展陈环境空气中真菌数量及其群落特征
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(1.湖北省荆州文物保护中心,湖北荆州 434020;2.荆州博物馆,湖北荆州 434020;3.长江大学生命科学学院,湖北荆州 434025;4.广东省微生物研究所,广东广州 510070)

作者简介:

雷 琼(1987—),女,硕士,荆州文物保护中心馆员,研究方向为文物微生物病害,E-mail: 342465324@qq.com

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国家文物局文物保护科学和技术研究课题资助(文物博函〔2013〕132号)


Concentration and phylogenetic analyses of airborne fungi in the cultural relic exhibition environment of Jingzhou Museum
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(1. Cultural Relic Protection Center of Jingzhou, Jingzhou 434020, China;2. Jingzhou Museum, Jingzhou 434020, China;3. College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China;4. Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China)

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    摘要:

    存在于空气中的微生物种类极其丰富,空气中有害微生物对文物安全和游客健康构成威胁,国内外博物馆均开展了馆内空气微生物的研究。为研究荆州博物馆文物展陈环境空气中真菌数量及种群分布,调查潜在的有害微生物,采用自然沉降法对3个展柜及其所在的展厅进行空气真菌采样。对分离到的真菌菌株进行形态和分子鉴定,并分析群落分布特征。结果显示:展厅中真菌数量范围为17~74 CFU/m3,展柜中真菌数量在12~21 CFU/m3之间,青铜器和木漆器的展柜中真菌数量显著低于展厅(P<0.05);纺织品展柜和展厅中真菌数量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。共发现19属真菌,展柜空气中分离出8属真菌,展厅空气中分离出17属真菌。枝孢属(Cladosporium)和小球腔菌属(Leptosphaeria)分别占真菌总数的24.76%、22.86%,为优势真菌。枝孢属普遍存在于展厅和展柜中,小球腔菌属主要存在于展厅中,卵形孢霉(Oospora)和链格孢属(Alternaria)真菌为展柜特有菌。总体而言,荆州博物馆展陈环境中展厅真菌数量和种类多于展柜,木漆器展厅真菌数量最高,种类最丰富。博物馆展厅和展柜在6月和7月温度、相对湿度有利于真菌类微生物滋长,枝孢属和小球腔菌属作为展陈环境中优势菌属,在适宜的环境下,容易大规模生长,对文物或人体具有一定危害,可采取空气消毒措施。该研究结果对了解馆内空气污染现状,保护游客健康和文物安全具有重要的现实意义,可为馆藏文物的预防性保护提供科学依据。

    Abstract:

    There are a variety of microbes in the air of museums, some of which are harmful and could be threats to cultural relics and tourists. Studies of indoor airborne microbes in museums have been carried out at home and abroad. Our study is aimed at studying the concentration and population distribution of airborne fungi in the cultural relic exhibition environment of Jingzhou Museum, and investigating potential harmful microorganisms. The natural sedimentation method was used for airborne fungal sampling in three showcases and their respective exhibition halls. Using standard methods, purified fungal colonies were identified according to morphological and molecular criteria; and the distribution characteristics of airborne fungal populations were also analyzed. The results show that the concentration range of airborne fungi in the exhibition halls is 17~74 CFU/m3 while that in the showcases is 12~21 CFU/m3. The concentrations of fungi in the bronze and wood lacquer showcases are significantly lower than those in their corresponding exhibition halls (P<0.05); however, there is no great difference in concentration between the textile showcase and the exhibition hall where it is located (P>0.05). A total of 19 different fungal genera were discovered. Eight fungal genera were isolated from the air in the showcases and 17 from the air in the exhibition halls. Cladosporium and Leptosphaeria, the dominant genera, accounted for 24.76% and 22.86% of the total, respectively. Cladosporium commonly exists in both the exhibition halls and the showcases; Leptosphaeria is mainly found in the exhibition halls; Oospora and Alternaria are unique fungi discovered in the showcases only. In general, for Jingzhou Museum, the exhibition halls feature higher concentrations and richer species of airborne fungi than the showcases, with the wood lacquer exhibition hall having the highest and richest. In June and July, temperatures and humidity of museum exhibition halls and showcases are conducive to the growth of airborne fungi. In suitable circumstances, Cladosporium and Leptosphaeria can grow easily on a large scale and harm both cultural relics and human health; therefore, measures should be taken to disinfect the air. These results have practical significance in terms of knowing the situations of air pollution of museums as well as ensuring the health of tourists and safety of cultural relics.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-12-12
  • 最后修改日期:2018-11-10
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-05-13
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