秦兵马俑和汉阳陵遗址保存环境之比较
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(1.陶质彩绘文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地(秦始皇帝陵博物院),陕西西安 710600;2.中国科学院地球环境研究所,黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,陕西西安 710075)

作者简介:

李 华(1978—),女, 2015年毕业于中国科学院大学环境科学专业,博士,副研究馆员,E-mail: llhh669@sohu.com

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Comparison of site environments of Emperor Qin’s Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum and Han Yangling Museum
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(1. Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Polychrome Pottery Conservation (Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum), SACH, Xi’an 710600, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075, China)

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    摘要:

    为了探索一种适宜的遗址文物保存方式, 在四季分明,气候变化较为剧烈的西北地区的文物遗址环境区,达到最大程度保护遗址文物的目的,通过对开放式的秦始皇兵马俑博物馆一号坑遗址环境的建筑结构、温度和相对湿度变化及大气颗粒物进行分析监测,并与封闭式汉阳陵博物馆外葬坑的结果进行对比研究,发现单从环境温湿度恒定、阻挡室外颗粒污染物和气态污染物的角度来讲,封闭式的汉阳陵博物馆存在明显的优势。但依然不能阻止温湿度的季节间波动和室外空气污染物渗入的威胁,同时还要预防室内污染的发生,并且出现玻璃护围内部结露,文物大面积返碱等问题,并不能很好解决文物良好保存和观展目的。所以依旧需要探索一种适宜的遗址文物保存方式,既能保持文物保存环境的温湿度的相对稳定和洁净,又能缓解全封闭玻璃护围内部结露,文物大面积返碱等问题,最大程度延长遗址文物的寿命的同时,满足观众参观的需求。本对比研究结果可为今后的设计提供参考。

    Abstract:

    In order to better preserve cultural relics in the environment of the northwest region where the seasons are distinct and climate changes are sometimes drastic, we investigated the architectural design, ventilation, presence of aerosols and conservation environment of Pit No.1 in the open Emperor Qin’s Terracotta Museum, and then compared these factors with those of the enclosed Han Yangling Museum. It was found that the completely enclosed building of Han Yangling Mausoleum has relatively constant temperature and humidity, and the obvious advantage of blocking outdoor pollutants; however, it still does not entirely stop the seasonal fluctuations of temperature and humidity as well as infiltration of outdoor air pollutants. Furthermore, the occurrence of indoor pollution, moisture condensation inside glass enclosures and the appearance of alkali on large areas of cultural relics have to be prevented as well. Therefore, suitable ways still need to be explored to preserve cultural relics of site areas, not only maintaining the relative stability of temperature and humidity, and cleanliness of the preservation environment of the cultural relics, but also alleviating the common issues of enclosed buildings mentioned above, so as to prolong as much as possible the life of ruins and cultural relics, and to meet the demands of visitors.

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历史
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-11
  • 最后修改日期:2018-03-18
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-05-13
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