Collotype printing is one of the main replication methods for ancient calligraphy and paintings. Collotype printing can reflect original artistic features of ancient Chinese calligraphy and paintings very well. Therefore, its use can result in certain difficulties in identifying the authenticity of calligraphy and paintings at the same time. In our study, we analyzed collotype printing ink and traditional writing ink using video microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectrometry and Raman spectrometry. The result shows that collotype printing ink and traditional Chinese ink are different in morphology and composition. This could provide a scientific basis for identification of suspected collotype prints.