Xinjiang is located in the west of China; it has a dry climate and four distinct seasons.Therefore, the relic collections in the museum face a unique environment. Compared with the other regions in our country, the atmospheric environment in Xinjiang is much drier, which is beneficial for keeping and protecting cultural relics. To better preserve the paper mural collections in the museum, data based on temperature, humidity, air pollution, dust, light, insects , microbes and other environmental factors were surveyed. Based on the results of this study, the conditions used for preservation of paper murals were analyzed and plans to better protect them were proposed. Proposals include improved illumination, control of the lighting strength inside the exhibition cabinet, elimination of pollutants caused by harmful lighting, use of air purifiers and the use of acidfree paper for wrapping. These actions can effectively prevent damage to paper murals arising from harmful gases, and therefore can protect the collection.