江陵天星观一号楚墓出土饱水木漆器F455中细菌对硬松木的腐蚀研究
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(1.长江大学生命科学学院,湖北荆州 434025;2.湖北省荆州文物保护中心,湖北荆州 434020)

作者简介:

章 俊(1991—),男,长江大学生命科学学院硕士研究生,研究方向为环境微生物,Email: 1067360640@qq.com

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出土木漆器保护国家文物局重点科研基地(荆州文物保护中心)开放课题资助(33110016)


Study of wood degradation by bacteria from the archaeological waterlogged wood F455 excavated at Chu Tomb No.1 at Tianxingguan
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(1. College of Life Science of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China;2. Cultural Relic Protection Center of Jingzhou, Jingzhou 434020, China)

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    摘要:

    研究木质文物中的细菌对木材腐蚀性影响,筛选防腐剂抑制腐蚀性强细菌的腐蚀作用,是延长木质文物保存期的一种有效的生物保护措施。为研究饱水木漆器F455及其水环境中细菌的种类,以及对木材的腐蚀程度,采用16S rRNA基因序列分析方法及生理生化试验,对饱水木漆器F455及水环境中细菌进行鉴定,并选取典型菌按5×108个/瓶菌量接种马尾松心材(悬于无菌自来水中),37℃培养120d,测试木材的损失率。结果发现,从F455文物挑选的32株细菌中,有29株菌鉴定为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),为优势菌属,其余为短杆菌属(Brevibacterium)、短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas)和产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)各1株。水样样品中细菌菌属较F455文物样品中丰富,27株菌有9个属,其中短杆菌属(Brevibacterium)有9株,为优势菌属,其余交替赤细菌属(Altererythrobacter)有5株,短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas)有4株,产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)有3株,黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)有2株,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)、白色杆菌属(Leucobacter)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum)各1株。从2种样品材料的分离菌中共挑选出14株典型菌进行木块腐蚀试验,与对照组比较,其中有9株菌差异极显著。说明这些菌对马尾松木材有一定的腐蚀作用,但是腐蚀率非常低,最高仅1.56%。表明这些细菌对试验木材马尾松腐蚀并不严重。该研究分析了饱水木漆器长期保存在水槽中细菌对木漆器的影响,丰富了饱水木漆器文物生物影响的理论依据。

    Abstract:

    The species of bacteria from an archaeological sample of waterlogged wood and the water environment, and the degree of degradation of the wood using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical tests were studied. Then representative bacteria were selected to test their degradative effects on heartwood of pinusmassoniana. Bacteria at a concentration of 5×108/bottle were diluted with sterile water and then used for inoculatation. The test samples were cultured for 120 days at 37℃. The results showed that thirtytwo strains of bacteria were separated from waterlogged wood sample F455. Twentynine of them belong to the genus Bacillus.The remaining three strains of bacteria are Brevibacterium, Brevundimonas and Alcaligenes.The dominant genus in the waterlogged wood sample F455 was Bacillus. Twentyseven species of bacteria belonging to nine genera were isolated from the water samples. The diversity of bacteria in the water was greater than in the wood samples. Nine of them belong to the genus of Brevibacterium, five are Altererythrobacter, four are Brevundimonas, three are Alcaligenes, two are Flavobacterium, and one each of Bacillus,Leucobacter,Paenibacillus and Ochrobactrum. Fourteen typical bacteria were selected to test their degradative effects. Nine strains of bacteria had significant differences compared to the control. It was found that some bacteria caused degradation but that the rate was low (the highest 1.56%). It was also found that these bacteria did not cause severe degradation of pinusmassoniana. This study also analyzed the effect of bacteria on wood lacquer when the waterlogged wood was stored in a sink for a long time. The results of this work benefit theories of waterlogged wood protection.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-05-08
  • 最后修改日期:2017-03-20
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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-08-18
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